Ruby的Rake工具其實(shí)是模仿的Make，我們寫一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的Rakefile看看:

desc "Rake Test"
task :main
  puts "Hello, Rake!"
  
task :default => :main

然后我們?cè)赗akefile當(dāng)前目錄運(yùn)行rake或rake -f Rakefile即可
其中我們定義了一個(gè)main task，并且將其設(shè)為默認(rèn)task
我們?cè)倏纯丛鯓訉懡Y(jié)合Rails的Rakefile,Rails在lib/tasks目錄里查找并加載所有以.rake作為后綴名的Rakefile，如lib/tasks/load_musicians.rake:

desc "Load musicians and the instruments they play into the database."
task :load_musicians => ['musicians.csv', :environment] do |t|
  before_count = Musicians.count
  File.read(t.prerequisites.first).each do |line|
    given_name, surname, instrument = line.split(/,/)
    Musician.create(:given_name => given_name,
                    :surname => surname,
                    :instrument => instrument)
  end
  puts "Loaded #{Musicians.count - before_count} musicians."
end

然后我們可以運(yùn)行rake load_musicians命令來調(diào)用load_musicians task
該task的dependency列表中包含:environment，這是用來初始化Rails環(huán)境以及建立數(shù)據(jù)庫連接
如果我們自定義的task需要migrate，則我們可以這樣寫:

task :load_musicians => ['musicians.csv', :migrate] do |t|

則我們運(yùn)行該task時(shí)會(huì)先rake db:migrate，而且:migrate已經(jīng)初始化了Rails環(huán)境，我們不用再寫:environment了